Learning and listening are closely connected. So, let us first look at the distinctions of how we listen. From the Essentials of Theory U by Otto Scharmer, there are four types of listening.
Downloading: It is to listen from habit, thereby confirming your existing biases. It is to attend selectively to reinforce your current understanding of subjects.
Factual: To listen from outside. It is to know the details about facts. It is also to be open to getting confronted with new knowledge.
Empathic: To listen from 'within'. It is to understand another person's world.
Generative: This is to listen from the ground. It is to hold the space for something new to happen.
Based on this model, we can build the different approaches to learning as below:
Selective Learning (Baggage)
Informative Learning (Knowledge age)
Transformative Learning ( Age-less, Time-less)
Social Learning (Digital & Social age) -2
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